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被动语态

英语中的被动语态使用得比汉语要多,要普遍,许多课本乃至实际应用中都常常涉及到这个问题。一般说来,当强调动作承受者,不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时,多用被动式。须注意的是,许多地方与汉语不同。注意那些汉语中没有"被……"的意思,英语却用被动态。还要注意,英语的被动态往往由"by"引出,而有用介词"by"的短语往往又不是被动态,而是系表结构。还有些待殊现象,如…knownto man(人类......所知),on foot步行(美国人有时用by foot),in carraige(乘四轮马车)等等。还有假主动,真被动的十几个常用词的用法,以及so heavy to carry而不用so heavy to be carried等习惯用法。有关这类情况,做到心中有数对全面掌握被动态,准确无误地解答习题非常关键,被动态必须涉及的是动词的各种时态变化的问题。英语的时态本来很复杂,怎样记住各自的被动形式呢? 首先要明确"将来进行无被动,现在完成进行

同"。这两种时态无被动形式。

另外,不及物动词带有同源宾语的动词,反身代词的动词和系动词都无被动形式。即便如此,还有一般现谑保?话愎?ナ保?衷诮?惺保ソ?惺保?衷谕瓿墒焙凸?ネ瓿墒?还有不定式,动名词,分词,以及它们的复合结构)的被动态,再加上情态动词,助动词以及它们的疑问式和否定式从中掺杂,真是令人头痛,眼花缭乱。下面口诀就以动词do为例,即do did过去式done过去分词,以口诀形式总结各种时态的被动态,一定对你有所启示。

被动语态的口诀

一般现、过用be done,be有人称、时、数变。

完成时态have done,被动将been加中间。

一般将来shall (will) do,被动变do为be done。

将来进行无被动,shall (will) be doing,

现在完成进行同,have (has) been doing。

现、过进行be doing, 被动be加being done。

情、助、有、是妥安排,一律随新主语变。

否定助后加not,疑问一助置主前。

主语恰是疑问词,直陈语序主在前。

一般情助加be done,双宾多将间宾变。

复合宾语宾变主,宾补、主补相应变。

第二句"be有人称、时、数变"即be有人称、时态和单、复数的变化。"情助"是指情态动词和助动词must, may, can, shall, will等一律随新主语(多是主动句中的宾语)来变化。"疑问一助置主前"是说有两个助动词的话,应把主语放在第一助动词之后或把第一助动词置于主语之前。下面详细举例说明之。

一般现、过用be done, be有人称、时、数变

例:主动:The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome.

被动:The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children.

孩子们热烈地欢迎外宾。

主动:People regard him as brilliant.

被动:He is regarded as brilliant by people.

人们认为他很有才华。

以上两例都是一般时态用be done的例子,be有人称、时、数变,第三人称foreign friends是复数,时态一般过去时,所以"be done"就是were given,而People regard him as brilliant一句,被动后的"be done"就变成单数第三人称is regarded的形式了。

被动: This speech was delivered by comrade Wang. (was delivered即一般过去时的被动态)

这篇讲演是王的发言。

There was a serious train accident near the border. Two people were killed and twelve were injured.

边境发生严重列车事故,二人亡,十二人受伤。

A person who is truly honest is called a straight arrow. 直言不讳的人才是真正诚实的人。

A note was passed up to the speaker. 有人给讲演者递上来一张纸条。

John was elected president of the class instead of Harry. 乔治被选为班长而代替了亨利。

Volcanoes are described as active, dormant or extinct. 火山被描述为活的,沉睡着的,或者的。

The soldier was killed, but the train was saved. 这位战士牺牲了,然而列车得救了。

He was thought to be clever but dishonest. 他被认为很聪明但不诚实。

The first zoological garden in the United States was established in 1874. 美国的第一个动物园是1874年建立的。

Families were often broken up; wives were taken away from their husbands and children from their parents. 家庭被拆散,妻儿被夺走。

The information is urgently needed. 急需这个资料。

Most environmental problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them were not taken in the past. 多数环境污染问题的存在,是因为过去没有采取适当的保护措施。

完成时态have done,被动将been加中间。

(过去完成时had done也包括在内)。

例:主动:We have studied English for 3 years off and on at the spare-time school.

被动:English has been studied for 3 years off and on at the spare-time school. (have随新主语变为has)

我们已经在夜校里断断续续地学了三年英语了。

主动: They had produced 100 tractors by the end of last year.

被动: 100 tractors had been produced by the end of last year.

到去年年底我们已生产出一百台拖拉机。

主动:They have set up a power station in their home town.

被动:A power station has been set up in their home town.

他们的家乡建立了一座发电站。

主动:They have warned us to be careful of rats.

被动:We have been warned to be careful of rats.

他们已提醒我们要注意老鼠。

主动:People have piled plastic bags full of rubbish in streets.

被动: Plastic bags full of rubbish have been piled in streets.

人们把装满垃圾的塑料袋子堆放在街上。

主动:We have used nuclear energy to produce electricity.

被动:Nuclear energy has been used to produce electricity.

核能已用来发电。

主动: No one has ever beaten him at tennis.

被动:He has never been beaten at tennis.

就网球来说还没有人是他的对手。

(No one涉及到全否定和部分否定问题,见否定一讲)

The person who owns the gun may try to deny that he has used it. But anyone seeing the smoke knows the gun has just been fired.

有枪的人会极力否认他开了枪。但是任何看到枪烟(枪冒的烟)的人都会知道刚才开了枪。

Today is Cilia's wedding [font id=Mark style="COLOR: blue; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ccffff"]day[/font], she has just been married to Danel. 今天是西丽亚的新婚日,她刚刚和丹尼尔结婚。

The subjects of these lectures have been announced by the lecture committee. 演讲委员会已宣布了这些讲演的题目。

过去完成时也是一样:

主动: Somebody had cleaned my shoes.

被动: My shoes had been cleaned by somebody.

有人早已把我的鞋子擦了。

When I returned I found that they had towed (toud) my car away, I asked why they had done this and they told me that id was because I had parked it under a "No Parking Sign".

被动:...my car had been towed away. I asked why this had been done and told that ... it had been parked under a "No Parking Sign".

当我回来时,发现我的车被弄走了。我问他们为啥这么于。他们告诉我说因为我把车于停在"禁止停车"的禁区。

主动: They had build three ships by last December.

被动: By last December three ships had been built by them.

到去年年底他们已建造了三艘船。

Research had been centred on the improvement of natural building materials before synthetics were created. 合成材料造出之前,研究工作集中在改进天然建筑材料上。

He did not say if all those steel pipes had been examined. 他并没有说那些钢管都检验过没有。

After plastic had been created, engineers were given a much wide choice of materials. 塑料发明之后,工程师们在材料选择上有了更广阔的途径。

一般将来shall (will) do,被动变do为be done

即由shall do或will do变为shall done或will be done。

例:主动: We shall build several big modern power plants in our city next year.

被动:Several big modern power plants will be built in our city next year.

过年我市将建立几座大型现代化的发电厂。

(shall do中的shall要随新主语变为will, do为be done.)

王动:I shall send my second boy to school next September.

被动:My second boy will be sent to school next September.

过年九月我将送我次子去读书。

主动:In order to fool people cheaps and swindlers will make such bricks out of lead covering the "lead brick" with gold.

被动:Such bricks will be made out of lead covering the "lead brick" with gold by cheaps and swindlers.

设法骗钱的商人和骗子们将通过把"铅砖"外面镀上一层金来做这样的"金砖"。

主动:They will ask you a lot of strange questions.

被动: You will be asked a lot of strange questions.

他们将问你许多怪题。

被动句中的by引出的宾语,一般说来,如果是人称代词你、我、他等,均可省略,someone no one不由by来引出。如果是名词不能省略,但当今英语也都可省略了。

主动:The Chinese people will make more space explorations in the future.

被动:More space explorations will be made in the future by the Chinese people.

中国人民在将来将进行更多的空间探索。

同样

After a period of use, the batteries should be changed. 电池使用一段时间后,应该更换。

Usually, the electricity is on for 24 hours. But tomorrow it will be cut off in the [font id=Mark style="COLOR: blue; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ccffff"]day[/font] time. 通常是昼夜供电,明天白天将停电。

More peaceful uses will be found for nuclear explosives in the future. 在将来会发现更多的和平利用核爆炸的途径。

More hard work will be needed to make this wonder come true in a short time from now. 从现在起要使这些奇迹在短时间内成为现实还需要做更多的艰苦工作。

make...come true 使……成为事实; come true做宾补(见感使动词口诀)。

The machine will not be used again. 这机器不能再用了。

Will more gas be needed? 需要更多的煤气吗?

但如果是一般过去将来时如何处理呢?请记下面口诀:

一般过去将来时,过去某时将发生。

主动should (would) do,被动be done代原形。

将来进行无被动,现在完成进行同。

主动:A few days ago we were still not quite sure whether we should carry out the new plan ahead of time.

被动:...whether the new plan would be carried out ahead of time.

几天前,我们还不能肯定能否提前执行新的计划。

主动:I did not say that we would change the equipment.

被动:I did not say that the equipment would be changed.

我并没说过,我们将换掉那台设备。

主动:My supervisor told me that he would give me a special tutorial a few days ago.

被动:My supervisor told me that a special tutorial would be given to me a few days ago.

几天前,我的导师说他将对我进行个别辅导。

主动: I never thought that be would bring me the information so early.

被动:I never thought that the information would be brought to me so early.

我决没想到他那么早就会把资料带给我。

将来进行无被动,shall (will) be doing,

现在完成进行同.have (has) been doing,

即将来进行时表示动作在将来某一时刻或某个阶段正在进行'现在完成进行时表示某-行为发生在过去.延续到现在,可能还要延续下去。两种时态则不用被动语态。

例;We hope your comany will soon be sending an engineer over to check this equipment. (将来进行时) 我们希望贵公司早些派一名工程师来检查这台设备。

In a ffew minutes our passenger plane will be flying in the stratosphere. (将来进行时) 几分钟后我们的客机将在同温层中飞行。

We hope scientists will be tapping new energy sources to meet the need for power. 我们希望科学家们将发掘新的能源来满足能量的需要。(将来进行时)

What will you be doing this evening? 今晚你将做什么?(将来进行时)

I have been living in Anshan Since 1980.(现在完成进行时) 1980年以来,我一直住在鞍山。

How long have you been studying English? 你学英语多久了?(现在完成进行时)

We have been waiting at the airport for the [font id=Mark style="COLOR: #ee6600; BACKGROUND-COLOR: yellow"]whole[/font] [font id=Mark style="COLOR: blue; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ccffff"]day[/font] because of the thick fog. 由于大雾,我们已经在机场等了一整天了。 (现在完成进行时)

Since then, applied mathematicians have been coping successfully with many problems in astronony. 从那时以来,应用数学家成功地处理了许多天文学上的问题。

(现在完成进行时)以上均无被动态。

现、过进行be doing,被动be加being done

即现在进行时或过去进行时都是be的人称、时和数的形式加doing。而被动态则是be加上being done的形式,being是不变的。现在进行时和过去进行时的被动态是被动态个的重点,容易搞错。例如:

主动:The workers are repairing the main building of the Northeast Engineering Institute.

被动:The main building of the Northeast Engineering Institute is being repaired by the workers.

工人们正在维修东北工学院主楼。

Two reservoirs are being built at the same time. 两座水库同时建造。

The nasty question is being considered by the committee members. 委员会的委员们正在考虑那个棘手的问题,

A cir(uit d朗i8ni 566inf m6J6bythetR8Incers. 工程师们正搞电路设计。

Equipment and foodstuffs are being flown to the floodstricken areas. 设备和食品正在空运到灾区。

The buildong of another fly-over is being planned. 他们在计划修建另一座跨线桥。

We coudld not get through because the February 19th Road was being repaired. 我们过不去,因二.一九路正维修呢。

情、助、有、是妥安排,一律随新主语变。

带情态动词和助动词等的被动态如何处理比较复杂。要随新的主语来变化,这些词如can, could;will, would; shall, should; may, might; must; ought to; need需要;have to不得不;be going to; to be to; used to; seem to; happen to等。例如:

下回书接续!

接上回书!

主动: We must keep this in mind.

被动:This must be kept in mind.

我们必须把这个记在心里。

主动:We can put the refrigerator in that place. (refrigerator=freezer.)

被动:The refrigerator can be put in that place.

我们可以把电冰箱放在那个地方。

主动:We shall not use the washing machine again.

被动:The washing machine will not be used again.

康佳集团股份有限公司深圳销售分公司怎么样?

一般是销售不会涉及售后维修的问题,商场一般会建议您拨打4006 999 999海尔全国客服,您家电的就选择1号键,稍微等待一下,就有客服人员帮您解答 简单的判断下您的问题如是故障问题即登记您的资料帮您约定时间 安排师傅上门。提示您的是海尔冰箱整机1年保修,压缩机等主要部件三年保修,记得找到发票。

空调电流过大的原因

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我在深圳西丽果场买的蜂蜜,有七斤,放冰箱7度结果发现没有结晶,是假的吗?

问题一:空调电流偏高是什么原因 你好:

――1、空调电流偏大的原因:①、环境温度较高,使冷凝压力加大,电流也会增大;②、冷凝器灰尘过多,散热不佳,也会使冷凝压力加大,电流增大的;③、电源电压偏低时,在制冷功率不变时电流就会增大;④、空调电容分相式压缩机,电容量发生变化,也会使空调电流加大。

――2、空调电流偏小的原因:①、当制冷剂发生泄漏时,系统内的压力会大幅降低,压缩机的负荷大幅下降,电流会偏小;②、压缩机内的高低压气体发生窜气时,压缩机的负荷大幅下降,电流会偏小;③、往复式压缩机气缸连杆断、旋转式压缩机转轴开脱,也会使电流偏小的。

问题二:空调制热时电流很大是怎么回事 系统压力电流并不是一个固定值,而是受多因素影响而变化的 氟没有加够,高压主要是随着氟的多少变化 氟一旦加够,也就是说;到了饱和压力。高压是随着冷凝器的温度而变化! 比方说一台空调制热,室内风机快开但还没有开的时候,它的高压是非常高的!(这时候内热交的温度是相对热的) 可是一旦内风机打开了,高压就下来了,原因就是风扇把内热交给扇凉了(这是一个吸热的过程) 再比方;内风机是低风,高压就相对高些(原因是吸热少,内热交热点) 反之 内风机是高风,高压就相对低些(原因是吸热多,内热交冷点) 当然房间内的温度也直接影响到高压的压力.....再比方定频机器的电压,变频机器的转速都会影响到高压的高低! 以上都是指在同一台机器上不同工况下高压不同的现象;另外还有因为品牌机型不同所带来的同一工况下的不同 为什么说氟加多了,压力不光不升反降呢,其实很简单,你想,氟加的刚好,内热交的温度相对最好,可氟加多了蒸发压力就高了,吸热就会不好,内热交的温度就下来了,压力不就下来了……. 同理电流也是受多因素影响而变化,而影响最大的恐怕就是压机的负载了,也就是说他和加的氟多少,各机型过冷管组的配置,管道是否通畅折瘪等等。其次还有电压,例如电压高了,电流就小了,反之电压低了,电流就大了。变频空调则是随着转速高低走,频率高了;电流就大,频率低了电流就小……… 另外机器上标的电流一般有两个,一个是额定电流,指在标准工况下检查的电流。而另一个是最大电流;指决不允许超过的电流!你在现场检测到的电流是夹杂多因素后的结果,若想比对标准,必需自己先自圆其说,然后再判断是超了,还是欠了………. 测高压电流不准,那么低压(蒸发压力)是否准呢? 其实制热时蒸发压力受室外温度的影响也是蛮大的,温度高了,压力大了,温度低了压力也低了,现在南方最高的压力可以达到0.4Mpa,可北方最低的地 ... 修空调的 发表于 2010-1-17 21:42 我说;为什么要加那么多的氟......... 回答;当时检查电流小高压只有0.9Mpa(电压内外风机都正常)地球人都知道是缺氟了!连美的总部搞技术的都说压力起码应该有1.7Mpa........ 大家给评评理,我加氟才加到1.6Mpa就再也加不上去了........是我的错!美的总部搞技术的说错了!还是全国维修工认识错了 是的!这到底是谁错了,是哪里出了错误? 我们当年学的是商焓关系压晗图比容了什么数学模型的恐怕大家和我一样西丽湖度什么也没有明白,似乎跟平日里的工作没有任何的关系..........后来听说春兰发明了一个压力电流法,大家伙才发现有了一个具有操作性指导性东西,打那时候起各大培训老师一个跟一个的学了起来,并教会了大家........ 直到今冬也没见谁有过异议........... 看到这里,不知道大家伙看明白了没有,就是制热好的空调高压压力相对高一点,可要是你不管空调使用的工况,生拉硬拽非把高压打到多少压力却并不一定制热好! 刚才说的那台陕北ESD120空调修复后的高压压力是1.1Mpa(没有开辅电时测量。室外温度据说是零下二十几度..)严格的说,当地维修工没有修前确实是缺了一点氟,但缺的并不多!只是用户和维修工认为制热的效果和他们的理想值差点太远,他们认为天气不冷不需要使用空调,正因为天冷才需要使用空调!空调温度设置有个30度,室内温度就应该能达到30度,就算达不到30度,也应该到26度吧.......陕北,石家庄,唐山是这样,那么江浙地区没有那么冷,制热效果......>>

问题三:空调电流过大会不会烧坏别的电器 可以算一下你家的总功率是多少,电线是多粗,才知道有没有危险。

下面给几个规格的铜芯线给你、作参考:

2.5平方铜芯线截流量是25A,

4平方是33A,

6平方是44A,

你可以把所有的用电钉功率加起来,除以220V,就可以得出总电流,再与铜芯线截流量来比较,如果是小于此数值,就可以放心使用。否则就有危险。

空调是5500瓦的(这种机型是没有的),这是制冷量,不是制冷功率,制冷功率可能是2000W左右,电流9A左右,(其他电器由于你没有给出参数所以无法帮你算出)6平方的铝芯线截流量是33A,冰箱也不大,百多瓦,电流是不到1A,估计主线没问题。

假如电线过载如果不引起火灾会不会对其他电器损坏,肯定不会,但是过载不引起火灾是不可能的。因为过载就会发热,发热就会引起火灾。

你的总负荷是多少?你没给出,怎么知道电流是50A左右。如果要过载保护,可以根据你的最大负载、装一个自动空气开关。

“漏电保护过载根本就不跳”漏电保护不是保护过载的,是保护漏电,如果一某个地方有漏电,那么他就会跳了。

如果是过载,漏保是不会跳的,没有漏电他也不会跳,除非漏保坏了。

问题四:空调电流过大的解决办法 导致空调运转电流过大的原因有:

1、空调供电电压过低; 2、由于冷凝器脏空调散热不良,压缩机过负荷工作;3、空调系统管路内制冷剂量过多; 4、空调室外机风机电机或者电容异常,室外机不能正常散热;等。

上述四种原因是日常生活中最常见的。

如果是因为家庭供电电压过低,可以检查空调的供电线路,做好中间的每一个可能存在的接头;检查家庭总供电电源开关容量,如果容量偏小,可以考虑更换大容量的。

如果是冷凝器过脏或者有脏东西堵在冷凝器的回风面,则需要清洗空调室外机换热器。

如果是室外机风机电机或者电容工作异常,就需要维修或者更换。

问题五:压缩机电流过大的原因有多少? 1、耽机本身问题,如线间短路等;2、润滑油不良 ; 3、机械转动部分引起的问题;4、压缩比太高也会引起电流过大;5、电源电压过低。

问题六:中央空调螺杆机电流过大原因 冷却水温度过高,冷凝压力过大都会造成电流过大的。

问题七:分体式空调压缩机运行电流过大的原因有哪些? 这是空调在超负荷运行,压机很容易烧坏,先清洗外机翅片,检查外机风机转速,检测高,低压值是否在规定之内,如果还不行,说明这台机器别人修过,系统进空气了,把氟全放掉,抽真空定量加氟,还不行,就是压机线圈内部漏电或短路,更换压缩机,5

问题八:空调启动电流过大是什么原因 这样的问题就多了,电压低,内风机不走,氟太多了,压机电容有?压机有?

问题九:家用空调压力过低,电流过大是什么原因! 氟利昂泄漏或消耗掉了 建议加制冷剂 空调是个很简单的设备来的,除了单片机故障之外,它的故障就那几样, 所以放心去找人加了。

西丽陶然居里面有个单身公寓29平,售价18万,精装,很想买,想请有经验的人帮我参考下值不值这个价格?

西丽应该没有假吧

蜂蜜结晶是在食用蜂蜜过程中经常遇到的一个问题。随着时间的延长及气温的变化,往往蜂蜜会从液态变为结晶状态,颜色由深变浅。蜂蜜的这种变化常常会引起一些人的误解,认为这是由于蜂蜜掺入白糖而造成的。其实这是蜂蜜的自然变化,不是掺糖的结果。

蜂蜜是含有多种营养成分的葡萄糖、果糖过饱和溶液。由于葡萄糖具有容易结晶的特性,因此分离出来的蜂蜜,在较低的温度下,放置一段时间,葡萄糖就会逐渐结晶。其结晶的速度与其含有的葡萄糖结晶核、温度、水分蜜源有关。

蜂蜜中的葡萄糖结晶核非常细小,存在于花蜜中和贮存过蜂蜜旧巢脾中。在一定条件下,蜂蜜中的葡萄糖就围绕这些细小的晶核长大结晶。蜂蜜内含有结晶核越多,结晶的速度就越快。

蜂蜜结晶速度的快慢也受到温度的影响,在13——14℃时最容易结晶。若低于此温度,由于蜂蜜的粘稠度提高,致使蜂蜜结晶迟缓;若高于此温度,由于提高了糖的溶解度,从而减少了溶液的过饱和程度,也使结晶变慢。因此在保存蜂蜜的过程中,就要控制好温度以延缓蜂蜜结晶的过程。

蜂蜜的结晶还与蜂蜜的种类、含水量有关。如紫云英蜜、刺槐蜜、枣花蜜则不易结晶;而油菜花蜜、野坝子蜜、棉花蜜、向日葵蜜就易于结晶。全部结晶的蜂蜜,一般含水量较低,宜长期保存不易变质。含水量多的未成熟蜂蜜由于溶液的过饱和程度降低,结晶速度也会变慢或不能全部结晶。使结晶的葡萄糖沉到底部,其它稀薄的蜂蜜浮在上层,这种半结晶的蜂蜜其营养成分也未发生变化,只是未结晶蜂蜜含水量相应增加,因此这种蜂蜜不宜长期保存。

总之,蜂蜜结晶是蜂蜜的一种物理现象,其化学成分、营养价格都未发生变化,更不会影响蜂蜜的质量。结晶的晶体是葡萄糖,并非蜂蜜中掺入了白糖,其实真正掺入白糖的蜂蜜不易发生结晶现象,易于结晶的蜂蜜才是纯正的蜂蜜,结晶并不影响质量。

被动语态的构成

那还有看的地理位置,以后的升值可能啊。会不会保值。等等一些原因都要考虑进去。现在亏了不要紧。以后会赚的。

价格方面您也可以到旁边打听下啊。看看其他的地方是多少一方。好像这样搭配套的。肯定会贵很多啊。

(1)助动词be+及物动词的过去分词、

(2)情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词

现以动词ask为例,将一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态列表如下 肯定式否定式疑问式一般现在时 I am asked..

He/she is asked...

We/you/they are asked... I am not asked...

He/She is not asked...

We/you/they are not asked... Am I asked...?

Is he/she asked...?

Are we/you/they asked...? 一般过去时 I was asked...

He/She was asked ...

We/you/they were asked... I was not asked...

He/Shewas not asked...

We/you/they were not asked Was I asked...?

Was he/she asked...?

Were we/you/they asked...? 被动语态常用于陈述事实,一般用在科技文章或新闻报道中。 一般现在时、一般过去时用be +及物动词的.过去分词,be有人称、时、数变。

完成时态have(has)done,被动将been加中间。

一般将来shall(will)do,被动变do为be done。

将来进行无被动,shall(will)be doing。

现在完成时,have(has)been done。

现、过进行be doing,被动be加being done。

情、助、有、是妥安排,一律随新主语变。

否定助后加not,疑问一助置主前。

主语恰是疑问词,直陈语序主在前。

一般情助加be done,双宾多将间宾变。

复合宾语宾变主,宾补、主补相应变。

第二句“be有人称、时、数变”即be有人称、时态和单、复数的变化。“情助”是指情态动词和助动词“must,may,can,shall,will”等一律随新主语(多是主动句中的宾语)来变化。“疑问一助置主前”是说有两个助动词的话,应把主语放在第一助动词之后或把第一助动词置于主语之前。下面详细举例说明之:

主动语态变为被动语态例句:

一般现在时:

主:We believe him.

被:He is believed by us.

一般过去时:

主:He bought his children some pens.

被:Some pens were bought for his children by him.

一般将来时:

主:Everyone will know the truth soon .

被:The truth will be known by everyone.

现在进行时:

主:Mary is making a doll.

被:A doll is being made by Mary.

过去进行时:

主:They were carrying the hurt player.

被:The hurt player was being carried by them .

现在完成时:

主:He has received the letter.

被:The letter has been received by him.

过去完成时:

主:They had built ten bridges.

被:Ten bridges had been built by them 例:

1、主动:The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome.

被动:The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children.

孩子们热烈地欢迎外宾。

2、

主动:People regard him as brilliant.

被动:He is regarded as brilliant by people.

人们认为他很有才华。

以上两例都是一般时态用“be done”的事例,be有人称、时、数变,第三人称“foreign friends”是复数,时态一般过去时,所以“be done”就是“were given”,而“People regard him as brilliant”一句,被动后的“be done”就变成单数第三人称“is regarded”的形式了。

被动:

This speech was delivered by comrade Wang. (“was delivered”即为一般过去时的被动态)

这是王同志的讲演。

There was a serious train accident near the border. Two people were killed and twelve were injured.

边境发生非常严重列车事故,两人亡,十二人受伤。

A person who is truly honest is called a straight arrow.

直言不讳的人才是真正诚实的人。

A note was passed up to the speaker.

有人给讲演者递上来一张纸条。

John was elected president of the class instead of Harry.

乔治被选为班长来代替亨利。

Volcanoes are described as active, dormant or extinct.

火山被叫做活火山,休眠火山,或者火山。

The soldier was killed, but the train was saved.

这位战士牺牲了,然而列车得救了。

He was thought to be clever but dishonest.

他被认为很聪明但不诚实。

The first zoological garden in the United States was established in 1874.

美国的第一个动物园是1874年建立的。

Families were often broken up; wives were taken away from their husbands and children from their parents.

家庭总是被拆散,丈夫失去妻子,父母失去孩子。

The information is urgently needed.

急需这个资料。

Most environmental problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them were not taken in the past.

多数环境污染问题的存在是因为过去没有采取适当的保护措施。 “havedone”,被动将“been”加中间。

(过去完成时“had done”也包括在内)。

例:

1、主动:We have studied English for 3 years at the spare-time school.

被动:English has been studied by usfor 3 yearsat the spare-time school.(“have”随新主语变为“has”)

我们已经在夜校里学了三年英语了。

2、主动:They had produced 100 tractors by the end of last year.

被动:100 tractors had been produced by the end of last year.

到去年年底他们已生产出一百台拖拉机。

3、主动:They have set up a power station in their home town.

被动:A power station has been set up in their home town.

他们的家乡建立了一座发电站。

4、主动:They have warned us to be careful of rats.

被动:We have been warned to be careful of rats by them.

他们已提醒我们要注意老鼠。

5、主动:People have piled plastic bags full of rubbish in streets.

被动: Plastic bags full of rubbish have been piled in streets.

人们把装满垃圾的塑料袋子堆放在街上。

6、主动:We have used nuclear energy to produce electricity.

被动:Nuclear energy has been used to produce electricity by us.

核能被我们用来发电。

7、主动:No one has ever beaten him at tennis.

被动:He has never been beaten at tennis.

就网球来说还没有人是他的对手。

(“No one”涉及到全否定和部分否定问题,见否定一讲)

The person who owns the gun may try to deny that he has used it. But anyone seeing the smoke knows the gun has just been fired.

有枪的人可能会试图否认他开了枪。但是任何看到枪冒的烟的人都会知道他刚才开了枪。

Today is Cilia's wedding day, she has just been married to Bob.

今天是西丽亚的新婚日,她刚刚和鲍勃结婚。

The subjects of these lectures have been announced by the lecture committee.

演讲委员会已宣布了这些讲演的题目。

过去完成时也是一样:

主动:Somebody had cleaned my shoes.

被动:My shoes had been cleaned by somebody.

有人已把我的鞋子擦了。

主动:When I returned I found that they had towed (tow) my car away, I asked why they had done this and they told me that it was because I had parked it under a "No Parking Sign".

被动:My car had been towed away. I asked why this had been done and told that...it had been parked under a "No Parking Sign".

当我回来时,发现我的车被拖走了。我问他们为什么这么干。他们告诉我说因为我把车停在“禁止停车”的区域。

主动:They had build three ships by last December.

被动:By last December three ships had been built by them.

到去年年底他们已建造了三艘船。

Research had been centred on the improvement of natural building materials before synthetics were created.

合成材料造出之前,研究工作集中在改进天然建筑材料上。

He did not say if all those steel pipes had been examined.

他并没有说那些钢管是否都检验过。

After plastic had been created, engineers were given a much wide choice of materials.

塑料发明之后,工程师们在材料选择上有了更广阔的途径。 “shall(will) do”,被动变“do”为“be done”

即由“shall do”或“will do”变为“shall done”或“will be done”。

例:主动:We shall build several big modern power plants in our city.

被动:Several big modern power plants will be built in our city.

我市将建立几座大型现代化的发电厂。

(“shall do”中的“shall”要随新主语变为“will”,“do”要变为“be done”。)

主动:I shall send my second boy to school next September.

被动:My second boy will be sent to school next September.

过年九月我将送我次子去读书。

主动:In order to fool people cheaps and swindlers will make such bricks out of lead covering the "lead brick" with gold.

被动:Such bricks will be made out of lead covering the "lead brick" with gold by swindlers.

砖块外面会被骗子们镀上一层金来做这样的“金砖”。

主动:They will ask you a lot of strange questions.

被动:You will be asked a lot of strange questions by them.

他们将问你许多怪题。

被动句中的“by”引出的宾语,一般说来,如果是人称代词你、我、他等,均可省略,“someone no one”不由“by”来引出。如果是名词不能省略,但当今英语也都可省略了。

主动:The Chinese people will make more space explorations in the future.

被动:More space explorations will be made in the future by the Chinese people.

中国人民在未来将进行更多的太空探索。

同样:

After a period of use, the batteries should be changed. 电池使用一段时间后,应该更换。

Usually, the electricity is on for 24 hours. But tomorrow it will be cut off in the day time. 通常是整天供电的,但是明天早晨将会停电。

More peaceful uses will be found for nuclear explosives in the future. 在将来会发现更多的和平利用核爆炸的途径。

More hard work will be needed to make this wonder come true in a short time from now. 为了在短时间内实现这个奇迹,从现在开始需要做更多工作。

The machine will not be used again. 这机器不能再用了。

Will more gas be needed? 需要更多的煤气吗?

但如果是一般过去将来时如何处理呢?请记下面口诀:

一般过去将来时,过去某时将发生。

主动“should(would)”“do”,被动“be done”代原形。

将来进行无被动,现在完成时同。

主动:A few days ago we were still not quite sure whether we should carry out the new plan ahead of time.

被动:whether the new plan would be carried out ahead of time.

几天前,我们还不能肯定能否应该提前执行新的计划。

主动:I did not say that we would change the equipment.

被动:I did not say that the equipment would be changed.

我并没说过我们将换掉那台设备。

主动:My supervisor told me that he would give me a special tutorial a few days ago.

被动:My supervisor told me that a special tutorial would be given to me a few days ago.

几天前,我的导师说他将对我进行个别辅导。

主动:I never thought that he would bring me the information so early.

被动:I never thought that the information would be brought to me by him so early.

我没想到他那么早就会把资料带给我。 将来进行时无被动,shall(will)be doing,

现在完成时同。have(has)been doing,

即将来进行时表示动作在将来某一时刻或某个阶段正在进行,现在完成时表示某一行为发生在过去。

例;We hope your company will soon be sending an engineer over to check this equipment. (将来进行时)我们希望贵公司早些派一名工程师来检查这台设备。

In a few minutes our passenger plane will be flying in the stratosphere.(将来进行时)几分钟后我们的客机将在同温层中飞行。

We hope scientists will be tapping new energy sources to meet the need for power. 我们希望科学家们将发掘新的能源来满足能量的需要。(将来进行时)

What will you be doing this evening? 今晚你将做什么?(将来进行时)

I have been living in Anshan Since 1980.(现在完成时)1980年以来,我一直住在鞍山。

How long have you been studying English? 你学英语多久了?(现在完成时)

We have been waiting at the airport for the because of the thick fog. 由于大雾,我们已经在机场等了一整天了。(现在完成时)

Since then, applied mathematicians have been coping successfully with many problems in astronomy. 从那时以来,应用数学家成功地处理了许多天文学上的问题。

(现在完成时)以上均无被动态。 现在进行时或过去进行时都是“be”的人称、时和数的形式加“doing”。而被动态则是“be”加上“being done”的形式,“being”是不变的。现在进行时和过去进行时的被动态是被动态的重点,容易搞错。例如:

主动:The workers are repairing the main building of the Northeast Engineering Institute.

被动:The main building of the Northeast Engineering Institute is being repaired by the workers.

工人们正在维修东北工学院主楼。

Two reservoirs are being built at the same time. 两座水库同时建造。

The nasty question is being considered by the committee members. 委员会的委员们正在考虑那个棘手的问题.

Equipment and foodstuffs are being flown to the flood stricken areas. 设备和食品正在被空运到灾区。

The building of another fly-over is being planned. 他们在计划修建另一座跨线桥。

We could not get through because the 19th Road was being repaired. 我们过不去,因为一九路正维修呢。 情、助、有、是妥安排,一律随新主语变。

带情态动词和助动词等的被动态如何处理比较复杂。要随新的主语来变化,这些词如“can, could; will, would; shall, should; may, might; must; ought to; need(需要);have to(不得不);be going to; to be to; used to; seem to; happen to等。例如:

主动:We must keep this inmind.

被动:This must be kept inmind.

我们必须把这个记在心里。

主动:We can put the refrigerator in that place.

被动:The refrigerator can be put in that place.

我们可以把电冰箱放在那个地方。

主动:We shall not use the washing machine again.

被动:The washing machine will not be used again.

我们不能再用那台洗衣机了。 原来的谓语“shall use”被动态中随新主语变为“will”。

主动:We shall take more measures to prevent corrosion.

被动:More measures will be taken to prevent corrosion. (“shall”变“will”)

我们将采取更多的措施来防止腐蚀。

I ought to be criticized for it. 我应该为此受到批评。

All this has to be solved with great care. 这一切得认真解决。

The lobby is going to be rebuilt. 门厅将被重建。

The exhibition is to be opened tomorrow. 展览会将在明日开放。

“may”加不定式的完成体或完成进行体表示“可能”,主要用于肯定句,决不能用在疑问句中。而“can”与不定式的完成体或完成进行体连用表示“可能”,只用于否定句和疑问句,不用于肯定句。但如果“can”或“may”的过去式即“could”与“might”与不定式完成体或完成进行体搭配时,可用于各种结构。肯、否、陈、疑,均可。

It can't have been lost in the post, can it?

它不可能是在邮局丢失的吧:(反意疑问句)

否定助后加“not”,疑问一助置主前。

在否定句的被动态中,否定副词“not”一定加在第一助动词之后,不放在别的助动词之后。同样在疑问句的被动态中,第一助动词置于主语之前。

例:Why has(一助)not anything been(二助)done to end the strike?

“not”必须放在第一助动词“has”之后,第一助动词“has”必须放在主语“anything”之前。决不可写成: why has not been anything done toendthe strike?或why has been not anything done to end the strike?

为什么不采取些措施来结束罢工呢?

The exercise will not be done in class.

不可写成:The exercise will be not done in class.

我们将不在课堂上作练习。

In what other way could(一助)information about Mars be(二助)obtained?

用什么别的途径能获得火星的资料呢?

Why had he been imprisoned?

他为什么入狱?

Need she be told about it?

需要告诉他吗?

主语恰是疑问词,直陈语序主在前

凡主语恰好是一个疑问词或由疑问词来修饰主语时,后面要用陈述语序。

例:What(主语)could be dropped from a satellite?

什么东西会被从卫星上扔下?

What measures(主语)are being taken to develop this new science?(主语为疑问词“what”所修饰)

什么措施正在被采取以发展这门新的科技?

What kind of device(主语)is needed to make the control system simple?(主语为疑问词所修饰)

需要什么装置来使控制系统简化?

What has been done to improve the techniques?

什么措施已经被采取以改进这些技术?(“what”是句子的主语)

应指出的是有的学生把We study diligently和She could see herself clearly in the mirror.都硬行变成被动了,殊不知不及物动词通常是没有被动态的。关于不及物动词、反身代词动词、同源宾语动词、系词、感官使役动词、短语动词的被动态。 1、把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语

2、把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词,并注意其人称和数随主语的变化,而动词的时态则保持不变。

3、原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现(注代词的宾格),如不需要则可省略。

4、其它的成分(定语、状语)不变。 理解含情态动词的被动语态的概念 含情态动词的被动语态说明某个被动性动作所反映出的感情和态度。初中阶段可用于被动语态的情态动词有“can、may、must、need、should”等,分别表示“能够被……”,“可以被……”,“必须被……”,“需要被……“,应该被……”等。 掌握含情态动词的被动语态的不同句式的变换方法含情态动词的被动语态的疑问句、否定句的变化均借助于情态动词完成。 (一)一般疑问句直接将陈述句被动语态中的情态动词提前。如: Must this work be done at once?这项工作必须立即完成吗? Should your homework be finished before six?你的家庭作业应在六点前完成吗?

(二)特殊疑问句由疑问词加上一般疑问句被动语态构成。如: When must this work be done?这工作必须在什么时候完成? Where can the lost book be found?这本失踪的书能在什么地方被找到?

(三)反意疑问句借助情态动词构成附加疑问部分。如: This bridge can be built next year,can't it?这座桥能建成,是吗? This book shouldn't be taken out of the library,should it?这本书不应被带出图书馆,是吗?

(四)否定句在情态动词后面加上“not”或“never”即可,但“must”表“必要”时否定式为“needn't”。如:This work needn't be done at once.这项工作没必要立即做。This dustbin shouldn't be put here.这个垃圾箱不应放在这儿。 三、含情态动词的被动语态的一般疑问句的回答应保留原情态动词,但“must”表“必须”时,其否定回答应用“needn't”、“need”表“必要”时,其肯定回答应用“must”。如: —Should my exercises be finished today?我的作业应在今天完成吗? —Yes,they should.是的,应在今天完成。 (No,they shouldn't.不,不应在今天完成。) —Must his exercise book be handed in at once?他的练习本必须立即上交吗? —Yes,it must.是的,必须立即上交。 (No,it needn't.不,不必立即上交。) —Need he be operated on at once?他必须立即手术吗? —Yes,he must.是的,他必须。 (No,he needn't.不,他不必。) 1)不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态(即多数的瞬间动词):

appear, die(亡),disappear(消失), end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand

break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.

After the fire, very little remained of my house.

比较: rise, fall, happen是不及物动词;raise, seat是及物动词。

(错)The price has been risen.

(对)The price has risen.

(错)The accident was happened last week.

(对)The accident happened last week.

(错)The price has raised.

(对)The price has been raised.

(错)Please seat.

(对)Please be seated.

要想正确地使用被动语态,就须注意哪些动词是及物的,哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。

2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语:

fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to

This key just fits the lock.

3)系动词无被动语态(“keep”除外):

appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn

It sounds good.

4)带同源宾语的及物动词,反身代词,相互代词,不能用于被动语态:

die, death, dream, live, life

She dreamed a bad dream last night.

5)当宾语是不定式时,很少用于被动语态。

(对)She likes to swim.

(错)To swim is liked by her.

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